![]() More generally, the path doesn't even need to repeat because there are open orbital paths which astronomical objects routinely take. Orbital (or "circular") refers to the motion of an object, which may or may not be spinning around an internal axis, around some point far from its center of mass and either repeats a path or nearly repeats a path (e.g., Mercury). ![]() There is not a bold line of difference between the two, but generally, rotational motion refers to objects which are extended (not points) and spin about an axis which either within the material of the object or is not farther from the center of mass than the farthest dimension of the object. Even in that more generalized case (orbital could be something other than circular), the properties used to describe and analyze the motions are the same: axis of motion, angular momentum, moment of inertia, kinetic energy, torque, etc. Maybe a better distinction to make would be between rotational motion and orbital motion. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. We recommend using aĪuthors: William Moebs, Samuel J. Use the information below to generate a citation. Then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, ![]() Then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the The rotational axis is fixed, so the vector r → r → moves in a circle of radius r, and the vector d s → d s → is perpendicular to r →. The external force F → F → is applied to point P, whose position is r → r →, and the rigid body is constrained to rotate about a fixed axis that is perpendicular to the page and passes through O. Figure 10.39 shows a rigid body that has rotated through an angle d θ d θ from A to B while under the influence of a force F → F →. Now that we have determined how to calculate kinetic energy for rotating rigid bodies, we can proceed with a discussion of the work done on a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis. ![]() We begin this section with a treatment of the work-energy theorem for rotation. The discussion of work and power makes our treatment of rotational motion almost complete, with the exception of rolling motion and angular momentum, which are discussed in Angular Momentum. In this final section, we define work and power within the context of rotation about a fixed axis, which has applications to both physics and engineering. Thus far in the chapter, we have extensively addressed kinematics and dynamics for rotating rigid bodies around a fixed axis.
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